Analysis Of William Faulkners As I Lay Dying - 1840 Words

There is a common belief that most people cannot advance themselves if they cannot be themselves, according to Marvin Gaye, â€Å"If you cannot find peace within yourself, you will never find it anywhere else.† The psychology of humans can be expressed in two groups, stable or not. These two groups can be applied to a psychoanalytical approach of William Faulkner’s, As I lay Dying. In this story, the Bundren family suffers the loss of Addie Bundren a loved wife and mother. Anse and the rest of the family, honoring her last wish, make the trip to Jefferson to bury her with her relatives. During the trip every thing that could go wrong does. This story is told from plentiful points of view and reveals the psychological state of the Bundren†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Faulkner tried to join the military, however, failed because of his height (â€Å"William Faulkner†, 2). Succeeding his second try to get into the military, Faulkner was accepted into th e British army. Faulkner never saw combat. Despite the truth, Faulkner made the people around him believe that he had. Coming back from the war, Faulkner also decided to go back to school; after dropping out several times before that. Nonetheless, that did not last long and Faulkner dropped out one again(â€Å"William Faulkner†, 3). He picked up several odd jobs and began to binge drink. Faulkner had many stays at Wright’s Sanatarium, a nursing home facility in Byhalia, Mississippi (â€Å"William Faulkner†, 8). These events, for a while continued. However, in December of nineteen fifty (Faulkner was about 53) he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature of the year in nineteen forty-nine (â€Å"William Faulkner† 13). â€Å"On December 10, he delivered his acceptance speech to the academy in a voice so low and rapid that few could make out what he was saying, but when his words were published in the newspaper the following day, it was recognized for its brilliance; in later years, Faulkner’s speech would be lauded as the best speech ever given at a Nobel ceremony† (â€Å"William Faulkner† 13). As the years passed, Faulkners life and psychological state increased, allowing him to expand his knowledge. Meanwhile,Show MoreRelatedWriting Styles Of Ernest Faulkner And The Sun Also Rises By Earnest Hemingway And As I Lay Dying1528 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent events and characters into play. This is particularly true with the authors William Faulkner and Earnest Hemingway. Their writing styles are exponentially different, but both authors use their differing styles to their advantage. In both The Sun Also Rises by Earnest Hemingway and As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner, characters face issues such as feeling alienated and lost. The characters in As I Lay Dying deal with their issues through more complex thoughts and irrational actions, which isRead MoreThematic Correlations Between As I Lay Dying And The Old Testa ment1383 Words   |  6 PagesSince its original publication in 1930, the novel As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner has drawn much exploration and critique. Though this analysis is very far reaching and broad in topic, one interesting route of investigation is the novels connection to the Old Testament. One does not have to be a Christian to study the similarities in theme; there are very many occurrences of biblical subject matter and correlation, these having been studied by student and scholar alike. The Old Testament is knownRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s As I Lay Dying1606 Words   |  7 PagesFeminist Despair in As I Lay Dying The modern world is in the midst of reconstructing gender roles; debates about contraception, reproductive freedom, and female inequality are contentious and common. The majority now challenges the long established assertion that women’s bodies are the eminent domain of patriarchal control. In the past, a woman’s inability to control her reproductive choices could come with ruinous consequences. Proponents of patriarchal control argue against reproductive independenceRead MoreAs I Lay Dying by William Faulkner997 Words   |  4 PagesAs I lay dying is an American novel authored by William Faulkner. The novel is among the best-ranked novels in the 20th century literature. The Faulkner’s seventh novel derives the title from the book XI of the homers the odyssey. In the introduction, Agamemnon converse with Odysseus: ‘’as I lay dying, the woman with the dog’s eyes could not close my eyes as I descend into Hades’’. The book con sists of fifteen characters with more than fifty-nine chapters. It narrates the narrative of the bereavementRead MoreEssay about Addie Bundren in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying2831 Words   |  12 PagesAddie Bundren in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying Woman is the source and sustainer of virtue and also a prime source of evil. She can be either; because she is, as man is not, always a little beyond good and evil. With her powerful natural drive and her instinct for the concrete and personal, she does not need to agonize over her decisions. There is no code for her to master, no initiation for her to undergo. For this reason she has access to a wisdom which is veiledRead MoreNobel Laureate Gabriel Garcia Marquez a Champion for Latin American Solitude1810 Words   |  8 Pageslecture with repetition to express the urgency and importance of such points. Marquez references terms like â€Å"gold† to express the preciousness and value of those living in South America of Latin decent. He uses gold as a historical and political analysis of Columbian and Latin American culture and tradition. Additionally, he utilizes words like â€Å"solitude† to express the urgency of the lecture. Initially, the use of solitude elucidates Marquez’s attitude towards Latin America’s place both in the literaryRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†Read MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 PagesWorn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Introduction Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, first published in Atlantic Monthly in February, 1941, is the tale of Phoenix Jacksons journey through the woods of Mississippi to the townRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 PagesWorn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Introduction Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, first published in Atlantic Monthly in February, 1941, is the tale of Phoenix Jacksons journey through the woods of Mississippi to the town ofRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 PagesP A R T 1. A N A L Y Z I N G F I C T I O N MODULE 1 1.1. The fictional world of a literary work Literature is writing that can be read in many ways. We can read it as a form of history, biography, or autobiography. We can read it as an example of linguistic structures or rhetorical conventions manipulated for special effect. We can view it as a material product of the culture that produced it. We can see it as an expression of beliefs and values of a particular class. We can also see a work of literature

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The Legal Uk Requirement For Ice Cream - 1118 Words

Introduction The legal UK requirement for ice cream is for it to contain at least 5% fat and 2.5% milk protein according to the Food Labelling Regulation (1996). Ice cream is one of the most popular snacks in the world. There are many different variations of this long loved snack, however its origin is not very well documented. The consumption of ice cream has been dated as far back as the Roman Empire, where it was said that the emperor Nero’s (618-97AD) slaves collected snow from the top of the mountain and he ate it with a variety of fruits. It has also been said that ice cream was invented in China where Marco Polo, who eventually brought it back to Italy where it spread across Europe. However these stories have no real evidence supporting them. Clarke (2012) suggests that the invention of ice cream correlates with the invention of different refrigeration techniques such as: †¢ Mixing snow or ice with food or drink to cool it down. †¢ Dissolving salt in water to produce a cooling effect. †¢ Mixing salt with ice or snow to produce further cooling. †¢ The invention of the first ice cream machine. †¢ The invention of the modern refrigerator. Eventually ice cream made its way to the USA where it increased in popularity and it became commercially available. The US is currently the largest consumer of ice cream per person, consuming 17 litres per person each year. The UK’s ice cream has increased by 19% in the last 5 years and it is now worth  £1.1bn however the volume of iceShow MoreRelatedFrozen Yogurt Case Study1666 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasing demand from customers for a healthier alternative to ice cream. The storyline will stay the same the forecast period. However, the evolution rate will slow down as a result of the mature nature of the market. rising private equity investments will develop as a driving force for the growth of the market,† according to the study. Despite the fact that, at the first opposed in predicting the success of Frozen Yogurt around UK and Northern Europe, due to the bad weather condition which mightRead MoreThe Case Of Burmah Oil Ltd V Lord Advocate2304 Words   |  10 PagesParliamentary sovereignty translates to the fact that parliament can pass any law subject to rules of statutory interpretation. This means that Parliament is the supreme law making body in the UK and therefore has the ability to make any laws based on any affair. As a result, British courts are bound to enforce these laws and can not question their effectiveness or legitimacy. Regardless of whether a law passed by Parliament withdraws citizen’s civil rights and/or chooses to imprison citizens withoutRead MoreNew Zealand Natural Ice- Cream Essay5383 Words   |  22 Pages INTERNATIONAL MARKETING GROUP ASSIGNMENT TITLE: - NEW ZEALAND NATURAL ICE- CREAM SUBMITTED TO: - DR. NITIN RAJ SETH PREPARED BY :- (GROUP MEMBER AND ID) JASBIR KAUR 20142248 CHARU MALIK 20142033 MILTON JOSEPH FRANCIS 20142314 SREEYA ARYAL 20141086 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Emerald Group is the 100% New Zealand proprietor of both Emerald Foods Ltd, a Premium Ice Cream maker situated in Auckland, New Zealand, and New Zealand Natural, a worldwide dessert parlour establishment system, withRead MoreMarketing Plan for Lords Ice Cream Parlour5099 Words   |  21 PagesSUMMARY ‘Lord’s Ice-cream Parlour’, one of the prime ice cream products situated in St. Johns Wood with a good market share is one of the best in that area providing ice cream with fresh taste and modern packaging. It was established in 1998, ‘Lord’s Ice-cream Parlour’, at present uses straight-line technology for manufacturing more than twenty three types of premium ice cream in its factory in Swiss Cottage, producing nearly 530 liters of ice cream each day . ‘Lord’s Ice-cream Parlour’ has a twoRead MoreBen and Jerry Case4491 Words   |  18 PagesBen Jerry’s Homemade Inc. (hereafter known as Ben Jerry’s) is a US-based superpremium ice cream producer established in Vermont, USA in 1978 by Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield. From humble beginnings the company gained popularity through their unique style and innovative flavours and product names. The exceptionally high butterfat content of their ice cream qualified their product as a superpremium ice cream, which placed the company in the same competitive market as Haagen-Dazs, the superpremiumRead MoreOperations Management5704 Words   |  23 Pagesif you can. Think about how the shops you have visited are similar to IKEA and Pret A Manger, and how they differ. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As per the requirement of this project, I visited a furniture shop called Touchwood Interior Dà ©cor Furniture Limited based in Sharjah. Touchwood is under the Bukhatir Group which has several highly diversified conglomerates in the UAE, with interests in constructionRead MoreOperations Management5696 Words   |  23 Pagesif you can. Think about how the shops you have visited are similar to IKEA and Pret A Manger, and how they differ. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As per the requirement of this project, I visited a furniture shop called Touchwood Interior Dà ©cor Furniture Limited based in Sharjah. Touchwood is under the Bukhatir Group which has several highly diversified conglomerates in the UAE, with interests in constructionRead MoreBen Jerrys Expansion to Indonesia7601 Words   |  31 PagesThe report critically researches the market entry of the ice cream producer Ben amp; Jerry’s into the Indonesian market. The report critically researches the market entry of the ice cream producer Ben amp; Jerry’s into the Indonesian market. The International Expansion of Ben amp; Jerry’s to Indonesia The International Expansion of Ben amp; Jerry’s to Indonesia Ben amp; Jerry’s (Ben amp; Jerry’s, 2012a) Ben amp; Jerry’s (Ben amp; Jerry’s, 2012a) Read MoreAll Rules And Codes That Should Be Monitored3244 Words   |  13 Pagesintention and commitment to make the contract valid. CONSIDERATION: it is also an essential element of the contract, consideration are the rules and conditions on which both of the parties are agreed with each other, these consideration make the contract legal and if any of the party violate these rules, this can make the contract illegal. INVITATION TO TREAT An invitation to treat is simply an invitation for clients and customers to provide an offer. Contract is formed where there is an offer, an acceptanceRead MoreEmployee Voice3165 Words   |  13 Pagesoverall weaken productivity if not managed correctly. 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The Effect of Stress on Academic Performance Essay

Affect of Stress on Academic Performance: Affect of Stress on Academic Performance: A Review of Literature Stress among higher education students is increasing day by day. A lot of work and no sense of relieving students have a very bad effect on them. The effect of stress on academic performance of students is not very good. A lot of different pressures affect them heavily such as financial pressure, maintaining their good grades, completing their degree on time etc. In the article â€Å" Stress among higher education students† David Robotham quotes that â€Å"There is evidence that some students experience significant levels of stress (Brown et al.1999; Bush et al. 1985) and that they are increasingly suffering mental health†¦show more content†¦Its adverse effect is on their academic performance. 1. From where and how concept of Human Stress started? 2. What are the symptoms of stress? 3. On which factors academic performance depends? 4. What is the relation between stress and academic performance? This review of the literature on how stress is affecting academic performance of students focuses on these four questions. From where and how concept of Human Stress started? Lazarus (1966) in his book has mentioned that word stress become more prominent for human after World War ii. Before that it has only being used for engineering where it is applied as extra force exerted on inorganic matter to deform it. But after that this word gained reputation as Human Stress where it suggest excessive demand made on men, demand that produces disturbance of physiological, social, and psychological systems. In the past the scientists who are concerned with human health and their diseases beliefs that they are only caused by microbes which are first discovered by Luis Pasteur but the deaths 1960 where not microbial in nature. Johan Salk in 1973 said â€Å"We are leaving the era in whichShow MoreRelatedEffects of Stress on Academic Performance2168 Words   |  9 Pagesincreases after college entry, the extent to which adverse life experiences contribute to any increases, and the impact of adversity, anxiety and depression on exam performance (Andrews, amp; Wilding, 2004). The purpose of the secondary study was to investigate the relationship between stress factors, perceived stress and academic performance among students in a public institution of higher learning (Rafidah, et al, 2009). B. Research questions 1. What were the research questions? The research questionsRead Moreeffect of stress on students academic performance6787 Words   |  28 Pagesthe study and to avoid duplication of already done work on the study. The researcher reviewed a literature on the Effect of Stress on Student’s Academic Performance on Kogi State University Undergraduates†. The researcher also presents a theoretical approach relevant to the study and its implication. There are several theoretical positions devised for examining and understanding stress and its related disorders. Brantley and Thomason (1995) categorized them into three groups: Response Theories, StimulusRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Nursing Students Academic Performance And Health1250 Words   |  5 Pagesaspects contribute to the stress related to being a nursing student (Karadag et al., 2008). Stress is a factor of key importance because it negatively affects nursing students academic performance and health (Rhead, 1995; Sheu et al., 1997). Consistently, studies report that nursing students self-esteem is negatively affected by stress during the education period (Boey, 1998; Edwards et al., 2010)andself-confidence and self-esteem are essential factors in coping with stress. In contrast, high self-esteemRead MoreThe Effect Of Stress And Eating Habits On College Student Academic Performance2020 Words   |  9 PagesJudith Osiughwu Research and tech 4/15/2015 Abstract The purpose of my project is to see how stress and eating habits can affect college student academic performance, to determine the correlation between stress and eating habits,how it influence or affect college student academic performance. 25 participants were selected from Spring 2015 Kean University,Participants age ranges from 18-25. The majority of the participants were female, 16 female, 7 male, 16 female, and 1 participants did notRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography on Stress1762 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinitions of stress and how to cope with it, known as stress management. Stress affects health in a number of ways. It is defined by James (2011) as pressure or tension that comes in many shapes and forms and furthermore the body and mind in particular reacts psychologically and even emotionally. How Stress Affects Health This can affect how an individual feels, think and behave. Signs and symptoms can include sleeping problems, loss of appetite and difficulty concentrating. Stress can usually causeRead MoreHow Stress Affects Our Academic Performance Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesStress is one of the most common problems that we all have to go through at some point of our lives. People experience stress in different places such as home, work, and school. Especially as a college student, we experience stress throughout the semester. Stress level rises as the time gets close to the final exams. So it’s important to know how stress could affect us mentally and physically. Moreover, how it could affect our academic performance. On the other hand, how stress could as well be beneficialRead MoreCollege Students and Stress1649 Words   |  7 PagesCollege and Stress There are numerous stress factors college students encounter while striving to complete their educational goals. Their grades may be affected by daily life situation stressors that accumulate throughout the semester. Students’ financial needs, lack of social support, family drama, and other various circumstances can all mount up to a tremendous amount of stress and may result in poor grades and lack of collected credits. In fact, stress continues to be a constant issue in people’sRead MoreA Research Proposal For Otago Polytechnic Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesdiplomas. We are performing a research in order to enrich the overall performance of international student in Auckland campus regarding their issues which they generally face in respect of accommodation, new culture, stress, communication, teaching methods, medical conditions that highly effect their academic performance. Research Question and Aims 2.1 Research Question: What are the factors that are affecting the Overall Academic Performance of International Students of Otago Polytechnic (OPIAC)? To bringRead MoreTeen Stress Effects1119 Words   |  5 PagesMany people experience stress daily, and the types of stress experienced can vary based on age. Teenage students can experience a lot of stress when it comes to school, work, and coming of age. With schools providing more opportunities to take advanced classes, students have an increase in the amount of stress and pressure placed on them. Students begin to show negative symptoms such as depression, anxiety and mood swings. Stress has many effects on teenagers including their physical, emotional andRead MoreThe Effects of Students Living Situation on Academic Performance969 Words   |  4 PagesBACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Academic performance is the evidence how well a student meets standards set out by local government and the institution itself.The extent of student’s learning in academics may be determined by the grades a student earns for a period of learning has been done. It is believed that a grade is a primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns high grades it is concluded that they may also have learned a lot while low grades indicate lesser learning.   Going to college

Is Media Biased or Unbiased Free Essays

Year 1998 stuns our nation and naturally the whole world with the sensational news of the year: Clinton’s affair with Monica Lewinsky. But there is another story linked to it. It’s about Newsweek’s Michael Isikoff who happens to be the first reporter to get hold of information on Clinton’s affair with Monica, but to his utter disappointment, even though he has evidence to his claim, his editors refuse to print his story. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Media Biased or Unbiased? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Somehow Matt Drudge, Internet political gossip columnist, gets hold of it and offers a package of two scoops; the Lewinsky affair and Newsweek cover up. (Grimes, Online Edition) Now the question arises why Newsweek editors refuse to expose the scandalous story of the year? Is it fear of President’s power or is there some kind of alliance with him? Is in a democratic nation like America Media is so biased? I will try to espouse the following question in context to the various media reports that has been appearing since last seven to eight years and how the biased reporting is being openly covered by various media outlets? Eric Alterman, a cultural critic and an author of ‘What Liberal Media’, gives the answer to this question? â€Å"The current historical moment in American Journalism is hardly a happy one. Journalists trying to do honest work are finding themselves under siege from several sides simultaneously. Corporate conglomerates increasingly view journalism as â€Å"software†, valuable only insofar as it contributes to the bottom line. In the mad pursuit for audience and advertisers, the quality of the news itself becomes degraded, leading journalists to alternating fits of self-loathing and self-pity. Meanwhile, they face an administration with a commitment to secrecy unmatched in modern U.S history. And to top it all, conservative organizations and media outlets lie in wait, eager to pounce on any journalist who tries to give voice to almost any uncomfortable truth about influential American institutions (in other words, to behave as an honest reporter) throwing out the old but effective accusation of â€Å"liberal bias† in order to protect powerful from scrutiny†. (Alterman, Online Edition: 4) It is absolutely true if we delve into the current scenario; journalists are finding themselves under pressure from political leaders, police officials and dignitaries forcing them to churn out the news items according to their needs and aspirations.   And it is so surprising to hear that even media outlets are themselves using journalists as objects of their own desires, giving the truth but molding it into the fashion of the influential American institutions. Yet, another story that is making us ponder into the depth of bias reporting in media is the continuous statements of President Bush after September 11, 2001 attacks on World Trade Center. In his fifty minutes speech in a press conference in March 2003, he mentions fourteen times of the connection of alQaeda and Iraq with the attacks of Sept. 11, 2003. Still no body questions him even though CIA hasn’t put forward any evidence that states any links of AlQaeda with the Iraq attacks. Brent Cunningham, a professor of Journalism, goes to the extent of saying that it appears as President himself has hinted them to write on this subject to justify his action because reporting on aftermath of war even before it occurs is difficult and speculative. (Cunningham, Online Edition) This shows journalists are being molded to meet the needs of politicians. In Oct. 2001, CNN chairman, Walter Isaacson, during a war in Afghanistan sends a memo to his foreign correspondents implicitly stating,   â€Å"to balance reports of Afghan casualties or hardship,† with reminders to viewers that this was, after all, in response to the terrorist attacks of Sept 11.† (Cunningham, Online Edition) But we should not ignore this fact also that the story, which is biased for one can be unbiased for the other. It’s a most controversial subject in the arena of the journalism world of today because the essence and the nature of the news demand its peculiar perspective. In other words, Journalists carry the stories according to the situation and circumstances in which incidents are unfolding. If any murder has taken place, and the police gets a clue of the murderer, but its not yet proved, journalists can run the story in the following manner as for e.g. â€Å"In a day light on the streets of New Oakland, a man was found murdered. Further investigations revealed that a middle aged man Michael is supposed to be man behind this gruesome murder.† Though no concrete proof has been found out yet the name of Michael appears. The appearance of this name only in print or in electronic media can damage his reputation. But Journalists have to give what they have been told by the police or what they have seen in front of their eyes. This is just one aspect of the bias reporting that Journalists can go into or being alleged of having entered into but there is one another angle also of bias reporting. Liberals too are accusing media of being pro conservatives and this question has been under debate thousand times and is still being under continuous discussions. Studies conducted by Media Matters for America reveals, â€Å"Sixty percent of the nation’s daily newspapers print more conservative syndicated columnists every week than progressive syndicated columnists. In a given week, nationally syndicated progressive columnists are published in newspapers with a combined total circulation of 125 million. Conservative columnists, on the other hand, are published in newspapers with a combined total circulation of more than 152 million.†(Media Matters For America, Online Edition) Many columnists or reporters have been fired or disciplined because they go ahead with their stories criticizing republicans and placing them in poor light for sake of propagandizing for the Democrats. Many cases have also come to light when whole program is stopped from airing because one group or party doesn’t want it to be aired. On 30th April 2004, Sinclair Broadcast Group prohibits its affiliates from airing the Nightline program in which Ted Koppel recites the names of 721 U.S. women and servicemen killed in the Iraq War. This act deprives viewers in eight cities of their right to information and the reason he gives is, â€Å"program appears to be motivated by a political agenda designed to undermine the efforts of the United States in Iraq.† (Rothschild, Online Edition) This is one of the biggest examples of disservice to the viewers and came to be known as rightwing media bias as lamented by Democrats. Even he orders his news personnel to read patriotic statements at its Baltimore station in support of President Bush after September 11. This is all because he shares a great rapport and friendship with President Bush. In this way, they try to hide the facts from public to justify the decision of Bush to invade Iraq. Hereby, one question comes to the forefront? If we allege Media undertaking bias reporting, then is there any infringement to the right to information and right to express views? Every human being has been enshrined the right to express views and right to information in a democratic set up. If we go by this statement then no news and no views expressed by reporters shall be termed as biased but this is happening and the answer to this is simple. If any report or a story appearing in media infringes personal rights or harms some ones reputation and if some story of national interest is fulfilling the interests of any personal party or organization or person belonging to higher authoritative level is termed as Biased. In 2001, the very next day after the attacks on World Trade Center, Ann Coulter, syndicated columnist spurs out her anguish through her words â€Å"we should invade their countries, kill their leaders and convert them to Christianity.† This is nothing else than the extreme case of bias reporting increasing the chances of religious disturbances and religious warfare. (Washington Monthly, Online edition) But all in all, everything is not bad in this world; there are several media outlets that are delivering unbiased news and views taking national interest into consideration. As Cunningham also states that, â€Å"but must mainstream reporters by and large are not ideological warriors. They are imperfect people performing a difficult job that is crucial to society. Letting them write what they know and encouraging them to dig toward some deeper understanding of thing is not biased, it is essential. Reporters should be free, as Daniel Bice says, to â€Å"call it as we see it, but not to be committed one side or the other.† Their professional values make them, Herbert Grans argues, akin reformers, and they should embrace that aspect of what they do, not hide it for fear of being slapped with a bias charge. And when actual bias seeps in–as it surely will–the self-policing the newsroom must be vigorous.† (Cunningham, Online Edition) Eric Alterman hits hard at the way reporters are filing the news and are being treated as software and are being used according to the whims of the powerful but Cunningham in a quite positive note encourages the reporters to carry on their duty without any fear and with full freedom and choice. Journalism is the noblest profession and people look at media to express their views and grievances. Media is voice of the people, by the people and for the people therefore media need to write the stories in a responsible way taking the sensitivity and the interest of the masses into view. WORKS CITED Alterman, Eric. â€Å"What Liberal Media?† The Nation. Internet   (February 24, 2003) Available: http://www.thenation.com/doc/20030224/alterman2/4, 25 November 2007. Cunningham, Brent. â€Å"Rethinking Objective Journalism† Columbia Journalism Review July 8, 2003. Internet (2004) Available: http://www.environmentwriter.org/scienceandthenews/docs/cunningham.htm, 25 November 2007. Grimes, Linda Sue. â€Å"Media Bias† bellaonline.com Internet. Available: http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art32136.asp, 25 November 2007. Media Matters For America. â€Å"Black and White and Re(a)d All Over: The Conservative Advantage in Syndicated Op-Ed Columns† mediamatters.org Internet. Available: http://mediamatters.org/reports/oped/ 25 November 2007. Rothschild, Matthew. â€Å"This is Media Bias† The Progressive (Saturday, May 1, 2004) Available: http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0501-03.htm, 25 November 2007. Washington Monthly. â€Å"The Wisdom of Ann Coulter† washingtonminthly.com Internet (October 2001) Available: http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/0111.coulterwisdom.html, 25 November 2007 How to cite Is Media Biased or Unbiased?, Essay examples

The AIDS Epidemic in Black Women free essay sample

A discussion on the AIDS disease and its high rate amongst Black women. This paper examines the AIDS epidemic in general and in Black Women in particular. Before focusing on black women, the author discusses how different age and gender groups can contract the disease. Then, he provides statistical evidence that shows that the AIDS rate amongst Black Women was relatively high. In an article written for Black Womens Health Newsletter, the AIDS rate among Black women is three times as high as that among Latino women and 18 times as high as that among White women. Today Black women make up more than half of all women who have died of AIDS. The statistics indicate a disproportionate number of Black females falling victim to HIV and AIDS. African Americans make up 13 percent of the population, yet they now account for 41 percent of all AIDS cases in the United States. The Harvard AIDS Institute estimates that by the year 2000 more than half of all AIDS cases in the United States will be within the African American community. We will write a custom essay sample on The AIDS Epidemic in Black Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Chemistry Solid State Cells free essay sample

Disadvantages Slower kinetics due to †¢ Low ionic conductivity †¢ High interfacial resistance †¢ Poor interfacial contact General Solid State Battery Construction Two electrodes are separated by solid state electrolyte layer – Electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and is electronically insulating Composite electrodes – Incorporate solid electrolyte into composite for fast ion transport – Incorporate conductive additive into composite for fast electron transport Solid Electrolyte Lithium Metal Anode Cathode Li anode SSE Cathode Conductive Additive Active Material 4 History The first solid state electrolyte, PbF2 at high temperature 1884 (Warburg) Demonstrated Na+ conduction in glass 1888 (Warburg Tegetmeier) The first measurement of transference number ~ 1900 (Walther Nernst) Discovery of â€Å" Nernst glower† – a ceramic rod was heated to incandescence SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell), oxygen gas sensor 1914 1966 (Tubandt Lorenz) High Ag+ conductivity of AgI at 150oC (Ag/AgI/Ag) (Kummer Webber @ Ford Motor) Developed Na/S battery by using Na+ conductor â€Å"sodium beta alumina (? -Al2O3)†. 1973 (P. V. Wright) 1978 (M. B. Armand, J. M. Chabagno, M. Duclot) First polymer electrolyte 5 Conduction Mechanisms Vacancy conduction Interstitial conduction Schottky defect (a cation anion vacancy pair) T ^ defect ^ conductivity ^ ? shows Arrhenius relationship Ea ? T = Aexp(? ) RT Derived from Random walk theory Frenkel defect 6 Basic Theory – the concept of material design High mobile ion concentration High number of empty/vacant sites for ions hoping Small activation energy for conduction High number of conduction channel High polarizability of framwork ions In general, Amorphous gt; Crystalline Solid Electrolyte Dry polymer electrolyte – Low ionic conductivity (10? 5? 10? 4 S/cm @ RT) Gel polymer electrolyte – still flammable, poor mechanical property, reasonable conductivity (~10? 3 S/cm) Inorganic or ceramic solid electrolyte Conventional thin-film micro-battery JPS 2000, 135, 33 LIPON (lithium phosphorous oxynitride) (~10? 6 S cm? 1) Low cell capacity limits applications (only for special devices) 8 LISICON JES 2001, 148, A742. Oxide vs. sulfide: larger, more polarizable framework 9 Thio-LISICON – Large ionic radius more polarizability – R. Kanno ALD for Solid State Li Batteries Energizer Primary Lithium Cells www. energizer. com, 6 February 2012 Overall Reaction FeS2 + 4Li+ + 4e? 2Li2S + Fe0 894 mAh g? 1 vs. Li1/2CoO2 + ? Li+ + ? e? LiCoO2 140 mAh g? 1 A four electron reaction, but it’s only a one time use battery! Yang Shao-Horn et al. , Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2002 Why is the FeS2 four electron redox reaction so troublesome? Dissolution of soluble polysulfides, Sn2- Agglomeration of elemental iron nanoparticles, Fe0 Initial Discharge (1) FeS2 + 2Li+ + 2e? Li2FeS2 (2) Li2FeS2 +2Li+ + 2e? Subsequent Charge and Discharges (3) Fe0 + Li2S Li2FeS2 + 2Li+ + 2e? (4) Li2FeS2 Li2? xFeS2 + xLi+ + xe? (0. 5 lt; x lt; 0. 8) (5) Li2? xFeS? 2 FeSy + (2? y)S + (2? x)Li+ + (2? x)e? A model system: Solvothermally synthesized FeS2 ? We study this ideal system in order to gain a better understanding of the FeS2 redox chemistry. (Solid state enabled four electron storage. Submitted to AEM; under review) A rechargeable FeS2/Li battery ? First demonstration of a reversible FeS2/Li battery at the moderate temperature of 30-60 C. Previously, the only reversible FeS2/Li batteries were thermal batteries with a molten salt electrolyte and an operating temperature in excess of 400 C (Henriksen et al. Handbook of Batteries, 2002). A rechargeable FeS2/Li battery Coulometric Titration and dQ/dv of FeS2 23 Focus Ion Beam (FIB) sample preparation of charged FeS2 electrode for TEM analysis Transmission Emission Microscopy (TEM) Analysis of charged FeS2 electrode Nanoparticles of orthorhombic FeS2 explain better reaction kinetics of subsequent cycles. We can now revise eqn. 5 to the following: (6) Li2? xFeS? 2 0. 9ortho? FeS2 + 0. 1FeS8/7 + 0. 085S + (2? x)Li+ + (2? x)e? How did we revise the FeS2 redox chemistry at ambient to moderate temperature? Coulometric titration dQ/dV analysis TEM and fast Fourier analysis DFT simulation Initial Discharge (1) FeS2 + 2Li+ + 2e- Li2FeS2 (2) Li2FeS2 +2Li+ + 2e- 2Li2S + Fe0 Subsequent Charge and Discharges (3) Fe0 + Li2S Li2FeS2 + 2Li+ + 2e(4) Li2FeS2 Li2-xFeS2 + xLi+ + xe- (0. 5 lt; x lt; 0. 8) (5) Li2-xFeS-2 FeSy + (2-y)S + (2-x)Li+ + (2-x)e(6) Li2-xFeS-2 0. 9ortho-FeS2 + 0. 1FeS8/7 + 0. 085S + (2-x)Li+ + (2-x)eAdvanced Energy Materials (in press) FeS2/Li Battery 1. Threefold improvement over the specific energy density of the state of the art LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2/graphite cells High Energy Density (1340 Wh/kg vs. 500 Wh/kg) 2. Excellent cycling stability enabled by solid state electrolyte which successfully confines electro-active species 3. FeS2: inexpensive, environmentally benign and energy dense 27 Solid Power, Inc. Doug Campbell, COO [emailprotected] com (720) 300-8167 †¢ Spin? Out of Univ. of Colorado at Boulder – Research under Profs. Conrad Stoldt and SeHee Lee – 3 year, $1. 7M funding from DARPA DSO to establish feasibility Need: Ultra? high energy, rechargeable and safe batteries †¢ Problem: Lithium metal anode can potentially meet this need; however, limited cathode capacity and cell stability have thus far stalled further development †¢ Solution: Solid Power’s solid? state battery configuration has shown feasibility in addressing these issues †¢ Benefits: – High specific energy (600 Wh/kg vs. ~200 Wh/kg SOTA Li? ion) – Eliminates most safety concerns associated w/ Li? ion technology †¢ IP: 3 patents covering cathode and anode chemistry †¢ IP Rights: Exclusive Option from CU? Boulder Tech? Transfer Thank you for your attention! 30 31 Strategies For Increasing Conductivity †¢ Open framework †¢ Doping – Sodium beta alumina, NASICON, Li3N, etc Rep. Prog. Phys. 2004, 67, 1233. †¢ Composites – LiI/Al2O3: high ionic conductivity along the grainboundary of LiI and Al2O3 32 Sodium beta alumina †¢ ? -alumina: M2O ·nX2O3 (n = 5? 11, M = monovalent cation – alkali+, Cu+, Ag+, Ga+, In+, Tl+, NH4+, H3O+, X = trivalent cation – Al3+, Ga3+, Fe3+) †¢ Sodium beta alumina: Na2O ·Al2O3 partially occupied layer ? fast Na+ conduction NASICON: Na superionic conductor Li3N Na1+xZr2(P1? xSixO4.

Free Hamlets Hamlets Immaturity and Rude Essay Example For Students

Free Hamlets: Hamlets Immaturity and Rude Essay ness Hamlet essaysHamlets Immaturity and Rudeness Hamlet identifies with an adolescent of the 1990s more than he does with the youth of his own time. Hamlet is immature, sarcastic, and takes action during the heat of passion which is very much like the behavior of the youth in the 1990s. Love, control over action, and the ability to overcome depression are just a few ways to prove maturity. It is obvious Hamlet loves Ophelia in his own way . . . the celestial and my souls idol, the most beautified Ophelia . . . (Hamlet. II, ii, 109- 110), but his way is not mature enough to include trust toward his lover. The trust that Hamlet should have given her was the key of his madness. This madness that Hamlet cannot trust his love with is the same madness that he loses total control over because of his immaturity; it then causes him to do things, such as kill Polonius, that a person that was mature could stop. The madness that Hamlet assumes is understandable but he can never get over the actual death of his father by still wearing black a year later, and the hasty marriage of his mother to Claudius. Compared to Horatio who is calm and cool throughout the play, and Fortinbras who collected an army to fight for his uncles land and honor, Hamlets maturity level for his time is low, especially for being a prince. Today Hamlets age group is more immature than during his own time so he relates to the youth of the 1990s better than he does with the adolescents of his own time. Sarcasm, and blunt rudeness is often used by Hamlet in order to offend people that, during his time, he should not have offended. Hamlet often used the hasty marriage of his mother to offend Claudius. The first time that Hamlet offends Claudius in the company of another person is when Claudius is supposed to be helping cheer Hamlet up. A little more than kin, and less than kind. (Hamlet. I, ii, 65) is just as rude during Hamlets time as almost anything that a person could say today, it just takes a little thinking for the people of today to get what Hamlet means. The second person that Hamlet is openly rude to is Polonius. Hamlet, in front of Claudius and Gertrude, insults Polonius by calling him . . . a fishmonger. (Hamlet. II, ii, 174) This is not the only way that Hamlet offended Polonius. Hamlet offended Polonius by insulting his daughter. Hamlet is crude in his own day by asking Ophelia Lady, shall I lie in your lap? (Hamlet. III, ii, 115) What is strange about Hamlets ability to use his mouth is that the youth of today is able to use the same kinds of sarcasm and rudeness effectively, just as Hamlet does, but with Hamlets political position he should not have offended the people such as his stepfather. Being radical and acting on impulse is something that Hamlet had to use in order to get his work finished. Hamlet, having a hard time getting revenge, applied his anger from the judgment of his mother to kill who he thought was Claudius. Hamlet also needed to be on his own deathbed in order to finally get angry enough to kill Claudius. The way that Hamlet uses his anger to take action is very much like the youth today in the fact that if someone has a problem with log cutting, for example, they hold protests and take action against that problem. The second way that Hamlet is extreme is when he goes with the ghost that looks like his father even though his friends warn him that the ghost may be evil and . . . .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 , .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 .postImageUrl , .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 , .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91:hover , .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91:visited , .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91:active { border:0!important; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91:active , .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91 .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u20c66afe723fb2daa770c07ddbd55f91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What's 3D animation? Introduction of the 3D animat Essaytempt you toward the flood . . . Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff . . . (Hamlet. I, iv, 69-70). If the prince was thinking right he would not have gone with the ghost that resembled the old . . . King, father, royal Dane . . . (Hamlet. I, iv, 45) Hamlets radical actions do not just prove that he is immature but also proves that he needs action from outside sources in order to get a reaction from himself. This is just like the youth of the 1990s in the respect that if something is wrong, such as the cutting of an old growth forest, then they usually act against it in dramatic ways. An immature, mouthy, extremist is what adolescents of the 1990s are compared to the youth of Hamlets time. The inability to love maturely, rudeness towards authority, and reacting to anger is what the youth of the 1990s and Hamlet have in common. Hamlet would have a much easier time living during these times than his own. Hamlets immaturity, rudeness, and radical behavior is just like todays youth and that is the insight that Hamlet has towards the youth of the 1990s.

Influence of John Ruskin on Architecture free essay sample

His elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art was later superseded by a preference for plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. * In all of his writings he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. * He also made detailed sketches and painting of architectural structures and ornamentation. Many of which he drew as a small child which were deemed remarkable for a boy of his age due to their sophisticated and technicality. * First publications He was hugely influential in the layer half of the 19th century up to WW1 * Ruskin’s journeys as a child with his family have provided inspiration for his writing, * One of his first major publications came in September 1837 when a number of his writings entitled ‘The Poetry of Architecture’ appeared in Loudon’s Architectural Magazine under the pen name ‘Kata Phusin’ * Ruskin continued to produce various works that were published and widely recognised such as ‘Modern Painters’ in 1843. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of John Ruskin on Architecture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Touring and further Publications * Ruskin toured the continents with his parents in 1844, gaining further experience and giving him the opportunity to study medieval art and architecture in France, Switzerland and in particular Italy * During these travels he wrote the second volume of ‘Modern Painters’ in 1846 concentrating more on Renaissance and Pre-Renaissance artists. * The Seven Lamps * Over the next few years, Ruskin began to develop a keener interest in architecture, and in particular the gothic revival. This developing  interest led to the first work to solely bear his name, ‘The Seven Lamps of Architecture’, in 1849 which contained 14 plates etched by the author. * The title refers to seven moral categories that Ruskin considered vital to and inseparable from all architecture; sacrifice, truth, power, beauty, life, memory and obedience * With regards to moral obedience, Ruskin included his ideas on what Roman architecture should be, recommending certain styles such as Pisan Romanesque, Early Central Italian Gothic, Venetian Gothic and English Earliest Decorated ( as at the Angels Choir in Lincoln Cathedral). Seven Lamps also promoted the virtues of secular and protestant forms of Gothic architecture and was a challenge to the catholic influence of AWN Pugin. * Ruskin argued that restoration is destruction, and that ancient buildings should be preserved, but no attempt should be made to erase the accumulated history encoded in their decay. Ruskin recommended colour in buildings, flatness of surface as opposed to Pugin’s bold relief, play of light and shade, good bounding lines, squares or circles either in general boundaries or in smaller coloured areas, largeness of size and continuous repetition of arcading. * The Stones of Venice * In November 1849, Ruskin visited Venice, filling manuscript journals and notebooks with sketches and notes that he used for ‘The Stones of Venice’ later in 1857. * This publication covered two broad aspects – construction and decoration. Ruskin made many recommendations within the publication, including in particular his views and ideas regarding layers of walls by different means – by using different colours of stone or brick with marble; stratification for thick walls, chequered patterns for thin walls; towers to be plain and bold, detached if possible, not to be broken by buttresses and flat topped rather than pointed; and buttresses to be part of walls. He also included his views on the arch. * Volumes 2 and 3 In 1853, volumes II and III of ‘The Stones of Venice’ were produced by Ruskin * As well as describing such things as marble facing slabs for walls, Ruskin here considered the social conditions which would or would not allow craftsmen to enjoy working on purely decorative features, praising Gothic ornamentation. * Ruskin argued that it was an expression of the artists joy in free, creative work stating that the worker must be allowed to think and to express his own personality and ideas, ideally using his own hands, not machinery. Ruskin’s publications in Britain * Ruskin’s publications were not going unnoticed across the British Isles, in fact his works began to herald the Gothic revival movement in Britain and paved the way for the Arts and Crafts movement. * Ruskin rebelled against formal, classical art and architecture, but instead championed the asymmetrical rough architecture of medieval Europe. * Deane and Woodward * One of the first architects to respond was Thomas Deane who partnered with Benjamin Woodward in 1851. Their work was a gothic style influence by the principles of Ruskin. * Their first major design was the Museum Building at Trinity College in Dublin in 1857. * This particular building was a new engineering building inspired by Ruskin’s recommendations. * The finished building included huge chimneys, windows that ran together in arcades, grouped together within the facades, and a Grand Canal detailing that Ruskin admired in The Stones of Venice. In plan form the building included conventionally sized rooms and the interior included exotic colours, foliated carvings, alternating coloured boussoirs, and a number of unique carvings done by untrained, uneducated stone masons reflecting Ruskin’s idea of being able to freely create. * Kildare Street * In 1859, Deane and Woodward designed Kildare Street Club, a gentlemen’s club in Dublin at the heart of the Anglo-Irish Protestant ascendency. Their design as largely based on Italian Gothic style including floriated capitals with bird like detailing, interweaving, lettering and stone ‘monkeys’, and beasts playing billiards on the base of pillars * The club committee however altered their completely gothic style slightly to include large arched windows divided by thin columns * The building was described as being adorned by ‘whimsical beasts’ * Oxford Museum * A further examples of their work was the ne-gothic building of the Oxford Museum, completed in 1861. The design was directly influenced by Ruskin, who involved himself by making various suggestions to Woodward * The museum consisted of a large square court with a glass roof, supported by cast iron pillars. * Originally Ruskin wasn’t keen on the design, but later grew to appreciate it, as he believed it resembled a medieval cathedral. * Arcades, stone columns made from British stone, ornamentation of stonework and iron pillars carried Ruskin’s ideas throughout the entire building. * Woodward had set out the building as an exhibition of British stonework, creating a whole building of architecture. William Butterfield * A further figure to respond to the ideas and thinking of Ruskin was William Butterfield, notable with his design of All Saints Church in London in 1953. * He admires the ideas of stripes that Ruskin had described for brick walls and incorporated this into his design, using red brick, a materials that was long out of use in London, with the walls banded in black brick and the spire banded in stone with crisp edges. * The interior was richly patterned with inlays of marble and tile * The use of ornamentation and stencilling were also an influence of Ruskin’s critiques. George Edmund Street * George Edmund Street was an English architect who was also a leading practitioner of the Gothic Revival style influenced by Ruskin. * At an early age, he became deeply interested in the principles of gothic architecture, spending years studying it and later publishing his findings in ‘The Brick and Marble Architecture of Northern Italy’ in 1855. * One noticeable example of his work that resembles Ruskin’s ideals was the Church of St James the Less in Westminster in 1859, * Again, Street appreciated Ruskin’s ideas of stripes on exterior walls. He designed bands of different coloured brick to extend the full way to the roof, a style later described as ‘streaky bacon’. * Violent Gothic Revival * Between 1850 and 1870, the gothic revival passed through a violent period. * It was by turns geometrical, naturalistic and polychromatic, often unaccommodating and even brutal, illustrated by works of EW Goodwin, A Waterhouse and GG Scott. * However the designs of building still incorporated Ruskin’s descriptions such as bands of coloured slates, arcades, extravagant colours and medieval styles. Ruskin’s influence reached across the world and he was described as one of the more remarkable men not only of England but of all countries and times. * Theorists and practitioners over many disciplines acknowledges their debt to Ruskin, including architects such as Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright and Walter Gropius who incorporated Ruskin’s ideas into their own work. * Ruskin continued to carry out works within art, including opening the Ruskin School of Drawing in 1869, until he dies in1900.

Jonas Brothers free essay sample

The Jonas Brothers are a hott young band that have the girls screaming. Why are theses boys so popular with the girls. Well its simple thay have amazing singing voices. The band are brother with the name Kevin, Joe and Nick Jonas. The have to cd two cds out. The first, one is called Its About Time and the second one is call Jonas Brothers. The boys became a hit in late 2005 and now are one of the most popular boy bands on the planet. So of the Jonas Brothers songs are Year 3000, When You Look Me In The Eyes, S.O.S., hats Just The Way We Roll and Mandy. On June 30th 2008 the boys with be in the Disney Channel moive Camp Rock. Also, they have a show coming out somtime in 2008 called J.O.N.A.S. I rate the Jonas Brothers perfect 10. Jonas Brothers free essay sample Screaming girls. Gymnastics, fire, and foam. Yes, Im talking about a Jonas Brothers concert. When I decided to go to a Jonas Brothers concert I should have known what I was getting myself into. Even before the Jonas Brothers hit the stage, hundreds of teenage girls were already texting proposals to Nick, Kevin, and Joe on the large screens above the stage that would later be used to show the flawless faces of the brothers. Although the Veronicas and Demi Lovato, both popular artists, opened for them, everyone was clearly awaiting the arrival of the Jonas Brothers, the reason we all came. The lights dim and everyone begins to scream. Whats going on? I have never heard a louder sound in all of my life; tens of thousands of fans shrieks pierce my ears. BOOM! The darkness slips away in the blink of an eye and is replaced with a ray of light, pyrotechnics. We will write a custom essay sample on Jonas Brothers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Jonas Brothers rise slowly as the screams seem to get even louder. The moment the first song starts, both teenagers and yes even the adults around me begin to sing every single word like its the Pledge of Allegiance and theyve been singing it their whole lives; even though the album was only dropped a few weeks ago. Dont get me wrong I was singing along too, who could resist theyre catchy songs. â€Å"Pushin Me Away†, â€Å"BB Good†, â€Å"Lovebug†, â€Å"Video Girl†, â€Å"A Little Bit Longer† and all of their other songs are almost impossible to not sing along to, or at least sing along to the chorus. They later announced that it was the last performance of their A Little Bit Longer tour. The multitalented brothers can play numerous instruments as well as do gymnastics, particularly Nick Jonas. By the end of the concert, Nick Jonas had played the guitar, piano, the drums, sang backup vocals in addition to being the lead vocalist of â€Å"A Little Bit Longer† (addressing his diagnosis with diabetes), and done multiple gymnastic tricks. When brought onstage for an encore, Joe Jonas was wearing a sumo wrestler costume, much to the delight of the crowd. Everyone got a good laugh out of that. It was hilarious! Overall the Jonas Brothers proved to be great performers, not once did I see any fan sit down in the one and a half hours that the Jonas Brothers performed. Bravo!

Prophet Mohammad (PBUH)

Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) January 12, 2002 PROPHET MOHAMMAD (PEACE BE UPON HIM) BY RAZI KHAN ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ In the desert of Arabia was Mohammad (PBUH) born, according to Muslim historians, on April 20, 571 AD. The name means ÂÆ' ¢Ã‚‚€‚ÂÅ"highly praised.ÂÆ' ¢Ã‚‚€‚  He is to every single Muslim the greatest mind among all the sons of Arabia. He means so much more than all the poets and kings that preceded him in that impenetrable desert of red sand. When he appeared Arabia was a desert, a nothing. Out of nothing a new world was fashioned by the mighty spirit of Mohammad (PBUH) a new life, a new culture, a new civilization, a new kingdom which extended from Morocco to the Indies and influenced the thought and life of three continents, Asia, Africa and Europe. To write about Mohammad the prophet (PBUH) is not an easy task, because it is to write about a religion. The subject of this paper is about the tenets of a religion which is historic and its prophet who is also a historic personality.Mohammed (PBUH) was the greatest man to ever walk to face of the earth. His actions and his contributions to not only the Islamic world but also to the entire world have left a legacy which will never be forgotten. To many this legacy has become their destiny, to follow the prophetÂÆ' ¢Ã‚‚€‚™s commands and to be like him in every aspects of life. Even a hostile critic like Sir William Muir speaking about the holy Quran says that. "There is probably in the world no other book which has remained twelve centuries with so pure text" (Muir, 4, May 8, 2001, islamtoday.com). Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) is also a historic personality, every event of whose life has been most carefully recorded and even the minutest details preserved intact for the...

Low Barriers to Entry

Low Barriers to Entry Introduction Low barriers to entry determine the strategies that a business must adapt to penetrate a new market. Thus, this analytical treatise explores low barriers to entry for a new comer truck driver in the asset-based supply chain and logistics industry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Low Barriers to Entry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The audience and their concerns Entry in a market with low barriers requires strategies that may make the new entrant excel in a market characterized by stiff competition and series of similar business activity. There are several similar players in the market that the new comer truck driver wants to enter and penetrate. Besides, truck drivers in the asset-based supply chain and logistics industry are correlated to negative perception by most clients who view them as a bunch of dishonest and unreliable transport service providers. Therefore, there is need to design an entry st rategy that would ensure complete control of perception of the clients. Problem statement The asset-based supply chain and logistics industry for a new comer truck driver has the challenge of remaining a float amidst presence of very many other track drivers with fleets and an expansive customer niche. Thus, there is an immediate need for the new comer truck driver to adapt a branding strategy that will make this business enter into the market and penetrate the same to win the current clients. There is also need to establish a water tight business entry plan credentials that would combine natural strengths of the truck driver and his personality. Recommendations to the entry problem In order to achieve desired margins in sales and total revenues generated, a proper marketing plan should integrate entry strategy, comparative advantage, and market segmentation since in most cases, there is always a strong competitor or competitors that passing might prove challenging due to existence of consumer perceptions and household names (Janus, 2008). To increase credibility and maintain professionalism, the market entry plan should encompass processes and features that flawlessly facilitate healthy and lifetime relationships between the truck business and its clients.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Among the new development elements that can be incorporated to build trust include establishment of a strong distribution, fair retribution process, and passing accurate information to target audience to restore confidence within the new networks. Besides quality in service, delivery and customer satisfaction depend on the marketing segmentation. Therefore, customer retention is achievable through the creation of reliable and affordable marketing channel that is essential in monitoring matrix that maps out potential competitors and identifies weaknesses and strength of the clients. Moreover, the reporting criteria should reflect the success of marketing calendar and set targets generated from time to time (Longenecker et al. 2009). Essentially, success of brand and product management in a new market depends on a proper alignment of a functional idea into the creation of flexible, involuntary, and quantifiable measurement of perception among the target audience. Reflectively, this idea should have essential elements that can easily sway the mind, either positively or negatively. Therefore, the new comer truck driver should brand his truck business as the most competitive in terms of charges for service delivery and reliability (Bert, 2011). In conclusion, low barriers to entry market such as the asset-based supply chain and logistics industry demand rebranding of the truck business besides adapting the low cost price leader in order to win the current clients and develop loyalty among clients. Despite stiff competition from other track drivers, this industry offers series of opportunities for new entrants since the demand for truck services supersedes the current supply. References Bert, R. (2011). Marketing Channels: A Management View. Sydney: Thompson South- Western.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Low Barriers to Entry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Janus, P. (2008). Pro Performance Point Server 2007: Building Business Intelligence. New York: Press Intel. Longenecker, G. J., Petty, J.W., Palich E. L., and Moore, W.C. (2009). Small Business Management: Launching and Growing Entrepreneurial Ventures. Alabama: Cengage Learning.

Compare and contrast between stepford Wives and Black Sunday movies Essay

Compare and contrast between stepford Wives and Black Sunday movies - Essay Example The two films’ similarity is experienced in the different perspectives that are displayed by the different casts in both films; the presence of this diversity of perspectives adding to the enrichment of the films. Another similarity being that the context under which both the movies were based upon is mainly from the feminine perspective; in the former from Dahlia Iyad and the public in general while in the latter from Joanna and the rest of the Stepford womenfolk. Women’s roles in both films are defined as being home keepers and caretakers, thus the women should mind their own business and leave the men to play their roles. This is best displayed by the stepford women’s submissiveness to their gendered roles i.e. the cleaning, cooking and washing of dishes and clothing. When the men are having a game of golf, it is the womenfolk who act as the caddies; this adding to their submissiveness. The themes of Conspiracy and paranoia are present in both films. in Black Sunday, it is displayed in a number of scenes such as that where Dahlia and other members of the terrorist organization ‘Black Panther’ are held at gunpoint with the discovery of the pre-recorded message, by Dahlia taking credit for the attack; the fact that the terrorists could use unlikely objects to create dangerous weapons i.e. the Madonna statues, the blimp, the camera-like machine and the special dart gun. Also in the scene where Dahlia wears a nun’s uniform on her mission to murder the partner of Kabakov. The dual partnership, between an American war veteran and an emotionally scarred woman, to plot and carry out a terror attack further deepens the conspiracy theme. Paranoia as a theme is expressed in the scenes as portrayed from the anti-terror forces’ perspective; this is exemplified by Israeli agent Kabakov’s role in aiding the United States government in preventing the attack. The fact

Organizational Behavior as one of the Essential Elements of Management Essay - 1

Organizational Behavior as one of the Essential Elements of Management - Essay Example With both its internal and external aspects, motivation is instrumental to employees’ choices, level of input and persistence in applying efforts to a particular activity towards success. The recommendations on developing motivational theories are based on the assumption that existing theories are less effective in motivating employees. The first recommendation is an application of results from existing analyses in developing a basis for new theories. This is because while existing theories may have weaknesses and limitations, they may hold some level of validity and identified convergence of theories from Meta-analyses establishes the ground for their application in developing new theories. Another recommendation is an elimination of virtual boundaries in organizations that create barriers to sharing of resources and information. The elimination of boundaries should further be achieved, on developing theories, by not restricting theories to activities or departments. Further, indicator variables of general and particular motivation types should be understood. An understanding of the involved motivation is also necessary together with identification of the role of dynamism in human behavior. The article, therefore, establishes a new approach to developing motivational theories for an effective application (Locke and Latham, 2004). Hendry, Woodward, Bradley, and Perkins also identify the need for a change in understanding aspects of â€Å"reward and performance† (n.d., p. 1). They establish a new approach to understanding performance, its aspects, measurability, and approach to its improvement. The authors, for example, identify inefficiency in the traditional accounting approach to measuring performance. They also identify dynamism in the corporate world that has demonstrated the necessity of measuring performance as well as core principles for measurement. The  article also associates performance with employees’ capacity, relationships between employees and supervisors and different rewards approach.

Federal function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Federal function - Essay Example In the recent past, the federal government has been faced with a looming crisis in which it plans laying off about eight hundred thousands staffs, their employment status hangs on the balance as the federal government braves to as from Saturday impose a shutdown, a move that is likely to render such a huge population staffs suspended, it will also include several agencies right from the offices to the parks rolling out their operations. A move to reverse the highly anticipated action is in its top gears as the United States president Barrack Obama has considered a crisis meeting consultation in the White house with John Boehner a speaker in the Republican House. The shutdown negative impact is due on spring where by even the tourists from the international community would experience rough rides, they will find attraction sites closed on Saturdays, sites like the Liberty statue, museums in Washington’s Smithsonian’s, former prisons of Alcatraz amongst other sites with fa scinating features will not be operational, in the mean time vital organization that deliver services like security, control of air traffic, border authorities and the all important postal services would partially operate or would totally close down. The anticipated move will not only threatens the staffs at various work places but will also affect acutely government agencies, Pentagon and the congress included. The move by the congress to classify workers into non-essentials and essentials has not augured well with most employees who value the conscious of the status. The non-essential workers would be expected not to show up for job on Mondays while the essential ones would have their schedule uninterrupted on Mondays. A further hitch is also in the rife as the staffs risk having their laptops and BlackBerries shut down. According to Jeffrey Zients White House deputy director on management and budget (Askill, 2011), the pattern of the shut down may be uneven, National parks, forests and institution of Smithsonian would remain closed as the Institute of Health Clinical Centre will consider new patients but clinical trials will remain suspended. The overseas stationed troops in countries like Iran and Afghanistan will not be give n their wages but will be paid for welfare recipient. The holidaymakers of Americans origin who been considered late for their passport applications as well as the visitors who would want to pay a visit to America and made US visas application would be compelled to eat a humble pie as their request will not succeed. The debate as to whether the non-essential workers would be paid after the shut down as in previous years also sent mixed reactions as the federal government has this year clarified their position that it won’t be as usual. What the government is doing The US president Barrack Obama had along late night meeting with Boehner and Harry Reid, the senate leader to strike a deal that would avoid the unfortunate circumstance from coming into play, Obama expressed optimism that both the parties are committed to finding a solution to what is viewed as a possible menace. He is expecting early positive responses from the Republicans in order to halt the steps facilitating t he shut down becoming a reality. On the issue, the Republicans proposes a forty billion dollars cut deficit on the federal while the Democrats resoluted on the thirty four and a half billion

Environment issues in business subject Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environment issues in business subject - Essay Example The responsibility of an organization for its activities that it has performed and decisions that has been taken which has an impact on society and its surroundings. The Social Corporate Responsibility ensures that the company must undertake sustainable development and should have care for the health and welfare of the society. It makes sure that the company should abide the applicable law and should adhere to the international norms and behavior (Australian Government 2012). The aim to create global standards is to minimize the impact of an organization’s decisions and activities on society and the environment. It is the commitment of the industry to manage health and safety of its workers while pertaining to care for environmental and economic issues and to publicly report the progress of the industry. It also focuses in delivering the shareholders value and to cover the expectation of their shareholders. These norms have been defined by the principal industry body known as the Minerals Council of Australia (MCA) which is responsible to look in to the matter of Mineral industries and monitor their operations. However, if industries do not adhere to the principles outlined by the global body then companies might pose serious threat to the overall community (Australian Government 2012). The reporting of CSR activities is the new approach amongst different companies because it addresses issues for the society’s well-being. It can have an impact on the performance and the goodwill of the company which is a greater concern for its stakeholders. It outlines priorities of the company and its stakeholders. It is considered to be an accountability practice for firms that are willing to improve their performance and profitability. In new ways, it is considered to be a marketing strategy to grab attraction of audience (Alfonso 2011). There are numerous social and environmental factors that results in the criticism of the

Organization of Public Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organization of Public Health - Essay Example The closest to the definition of public health provided by IOM is the mission statement of North Dakota Department of Health which is â€Å"to protect and enhance the health and safety of all North Dakotans and the environment in which we live in.† On the other hand, the mission statement of Virginia Department of Health is â€Å"to protect and promote the health of all Virginians.† NJDHSS provides useful information that will enable the people to prepare themselves from biological agents like anthrax; chemical agents like ricin, sarin and VX; emerging infectious diseases like monkeypox, pandemic influenza, and SARS; radiological emergencies; as well as natural disasters and severe weather condition. North Dakota Department of Health and Virginia Department of Health offers a comprehensive information on responding to bioterrorism, infectious disease outbreaks like pandemic influenza and other public health emergencies. The website also teaches the people on NJDHSS provides more general information on child and adult immunization as compared to the local health websites. It also provides information related to travel vaccinations, immunization administrative code, useful weblinks, including annual immunization status report and statistics. To effectively address the specific needs of its target audiences, North Dakota Department of Health intentionally sub-divided its information into three categories known as: (1) health providers; (2) public; (3) schools/day cares. In the case of Virginia Department of Health, they chose to categorize immunization information for children and specific diseases like Hepatitis B prevention. Even though the Public Health and Environmental Laboratories (NJPHEL) provides test report on infected individuals, NJDHSS also utilizes different surveillance method in determining the widespread of the disease. Although North Dakota Department of Health and Virginia Department of Health provides useful

Discuss the current status of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) in Research Paper

Discuss the current status of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) in the United States. What still must be accomplished to make t - Research Paper Example Due to the wide acceptance of the benefits to be reaped from such a system the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act was passed in 2009, which promoted a national combined health information system to be developed. (Jha et al, 2009) A recent study suggested that levels of adoption ranged from 5%-59%-the reason being that there is a wide difference amongst practitioners about what functionalities are constituted in an electronic health record. Keeping in line with this drawback the Institute of Medicine has outlined a list of prospective functionalities that relate to an electronic health recording system. (Jha, et al, 2009) In 2010, congress and the Obama administration provided the health care community with a tool to increase the advancement of the electronic health records. It would make incentive payments totaling $27 billion to clinicians and independent physicians in order to adopt a countrywide electronic health record system. Together with the help of the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Department of Health and Human Services has decided upon a latest criterion to be followed in 2011 and 2012. These firstly include the core objectives, which is the entry of the basic medical history, demographics, smoking status, vital signs, active medications, allergies etc. of a patient. Other core objectives include several software applications that include the safety, efficiency and quality of healthcare. The secondary (but just as essential) group includes ten tasks out of which any five have to be adopted. The tasks include: drug formulatory checks, clinical laboratories, reminders to patients, and patient-particular health resources to educate them. The Department of Health and Human Services has also devised a system of certifying electronic health records so that users can be sure that they are truthful and exact. (David Bluementhal&MarrelynTavenner, 2010) Impact on nurse staffing: The study by Kossman, Susan P. RN, Scheidenhelm, and Sandra N. RN tries to measure and relate the use of electronic health records to the job performance of nurses and the impact that it has on patients care. The sample included 46 nurses from medical-surgical and intensive care units from two community hospitals in the U.S. The results showed that the electronic health records helped them track important patient material and reports faster through easier and faster access to information, screen alerts and better organization of data. However, the nurses reported that the record process took about 73% of their time and took time away from the care that they could give to patients. The nurses reported that although the use of electronic information systems and electronic health records increased the safety of medical care it decreased the quality of their nursing. (Kossman, Susan P. RN, Scheidenhelm, and Sandra N. RN, 2008) In order to further understand whether electronic health records improve nurse’ job performance and therefore stimu late safe patient care we can use the findings of the study- Perceptions of impact of electronic health records on nurse’ work. (Susan P. Kossman, 2006) Refining medical care for citizens is an international struggle and in keeping with this the Institute of Medicine has described problems with nurse’s work such as problems with staffing, unsafe work conditions, and poor workplace design. The study by

Conceptual Framework For Cloud Computing Information Technology Essay

Conceptual Framework For Cloud Computing Information Technology Essay Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm that aims at delivering hardware infrastructure and software applications as services, which users can consume on a pay per- use-basis. Cloud computing refers to the processing and storage of data through the Internet. Computing and storage become services rather than physical resources. Files and other data can be stored in the cloud and be accessed from any Internet connection. It is a style of computing where IT-related capabilities are provided as a service, allowing users to access technology-enabled services from the Internet, or cloud, without knowledge of, expertise with, or control over the technology infrastructure that supports them. The cloud separate application and information resources from the infrastructure, and the mechanism used to deliver them. Its a technology that uses the central remote severs and internet to main application and data, by allowing businesses and consumers to use applications without installation and also allows them to access their personal files at any computer with internet access. This paper present the framework for cloud computing. Key Words: Software services, Platform service, Infrastructure service, Virtualization, cloud, SLA. 1. Introduction The interest towards Cloud computing solutions is rapid growing. As a result, they have already been adopted in different scenarios such as social networking, business applications, and content delivery networks. Cloud computing is the beginning of network based computing over the internet which is considered to be the element of two totally new computing models, the Client-Cloud computing and the Terminal-Cloud computing which would create whole generations of applications and business. It is also the beginning of a new Internet based service economy such as the Internet centric, Web based, on demand, Cloud applications and computing economy. A more structured definition is given by Buyya et al. [1] who define a Cloud as a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreement. One of the key features chara cterizing Cloud computing is the ability of delivering both infrastructure and software as services. Cloud computing is based on a very fundamental principal of `reusability of IT capabilities According to the IEEE Computer Society Cloud Computing is: A paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and cached temporarily on clients that include desktops, entertainment centres, table computers, notebooks, wall computers, handhelds, etc. [2] The cloud computing draws on many existing technologies and architectures by integrating all these models, Centralizing computing power, utility computing, distributed computing and software as a service. This integration requires computing center of power to shift from processing unit to the network. Berkeley Report [3] released in Feb 2009 notes Cloud computing, the long-held dream of computing as a utility has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service. Clouds aim to power the next generation data centers by architecting them as a network of virtual services (hardware, database, user-interface, application logic) so that users are able to access and deploy applications from anywhere in the world on demand at competitive costs depending on users Quality of Service (QoS) requirements [4]. Cloud Computing enhances collaboration, agility, scaling, and availability, and provides the potential for cost reduction through optimized and efficient computing. More specifically, cloud describes the use of a collection of services, applications, information, and infrastructure comprised of pools of compute, network, information, and storage resources. 2. Cloud Computing Overview Cloud computing is global and provides services to the mass, ranging from the end-users hosting their personal documents on the Internet to enterprises outsourcing their entire IT infrastructure to external data centers. Service Level Agreements (SLAs), which include QoS requirements, are set up between customers and Cloud providers. An SLA specifies the details of the service to be provided in terms of metrics agreed upon by all parties, and penalties for violating the expectations. SLAs act as a warranty for users, who can more comfortably move their business to the Cloud.The computing power in a Cloud computing environments is supplied by a collection of data centers, which are typically installed with hundreds to thousands of servers [5]. Different solutions are available to move from the traditional science Grids and embrace the Cloud computing paradigm. Some vendors, such as Amazon Web Services and VMWare base their offering on hardware level virtualization and provide bare com pute and storage resources on demand. Google AppEngine and Microsoft Azure are focused on application level virtualization. Other solutions provide end users with a platform for developing Cloud computing applications that can rely on, or compose, some of the existing solutions. Cloud computing focuses on delivery of reliable, secure, fault-tolerant, sustainable, and scalable infrastructures for hosting Internet-based application services, It can, to a certain extent, be regarded as the natural evolution of grid computing, considering that it was conceived to satisfy the new demands of users who, once accustomed to using the web 2.0 services, perceived the need to move much of their own data onto the web. Cloud computing customers do not generally own the physical infrastructure serving as host to the software platform in question. Instead, they avoid capital expenditure by renting usage from a third-party provider. They consume resources as a service and pay only for resources that they use. Many cloud-computing offerings employ the utility computing model, which is analogous to how traditional utility services (such as electricity) are consumed, while others bill on a subscription basis. Cloud computing is the convergence of the major trends. -Virtualization where applications are separated from infrastructure -Utility computing where server capacity is access across a grid as a vary price service. -Software as a service where applications are available on demand basis. Cloud computing can be the ability to rent a server or a thousand servers and run a geophysical modelling application on the most powerful systems available anywhere. It can be the ability to rent a virtual server, load software on it, turn it on and off at will, or clone it ten times to meet a sudden workload demand. It can be storing and securing immense amounts of data that is accessible only by authorized applications and users. It can be supported by a cloud provider that sets up a platform that includes the OS, Apache, a MySQLà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ database, Perl, Python, and PHP with the ability to scale automatically in response to changing workloads. Cloud computing can be the ability to use applications on the Internet that store and protect data while providing a service anything including email, sales force automation and tax preparation. It can be using a storage cloud to hold application, business, and personal data [3]. Cloud computing users can avoid capital expenditure on hardware, software, and services when they pay a provider only for what they use. Consumption is usually billed on a utility (e.g. resources consumed, like electricity) or subscription (e.g. time based, like a newspaper) basis with little or no upfront cost. It also gives the power of flexibility and control to big business, delivering the heavy duty processing needed for a large network with many users and many different applications, while also giving the assurance of complete administrator control over security and access. Cloud computing can additionally further facilitate the working from home revolution that we are already in the midst of. [6] 3. Cloud Computing service Models Cloud service delivery is divided among three archetypal models and various derivative combinations. The three fundamental classifications are often referred to as the SPI Model, where SPI refers to Software, Platform or Infrastructure (as a Service), respectively (Fig 1). Cloud computing delivers infrastructure, platform, and software (application) as services, which are made available as subscription-based services in a pay-as-you ­go model to consumers. These services in industry are referred to as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS), respectively. Figure 1. Cloud Computing service Models Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Refer to the practice of delivering IT infrastructure based on virtual or physical resources as a commodity to customers. The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). Consumers are billed on a pay per use basis and have to set up their system on top of these resources that are hosted and managed in datacenters owned by the vendor. Amazon is one of the major players in providing IaaS solutions. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) provides a large computing infrastructure and a service based on hardware virtualization. Platform as a Service (PaaS): The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations. It provides an application or development platform in which users can create their own application that will run on the Cloud. PaaS implementations provide users with an application framework and a set of API that can be used by developers to program or compose applications for the Cloud. The two major players adopting this strategy are Google and Microsoft. It provides a set of APIs and an application model that allow developers to take advantage of additional services provided by Google such as Mail, Datastore, and others. Software as a Service (SaaS): They provide end users with an integrated service comprising hardware, development platforms, and applications running on a cloud infrastructure. Users are not allowed to customize the service but get access to a specific application hosted in the Cloud. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email, services provided by Google for office automation, such as Google Document and Google Calendar, which are delivered for free to the Internet users and charged for professional quality services). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user specific application configuration settings Cloud Deployment Models There are four deployment models for cloud services, with derivative variations that address specific requirements: Public Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. Private Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for a single organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party, and may exist on-premises or off premises. Community Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, or compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. Hybrid Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds). 4. Advantages of Cloud Computing It offers significant benefit to IT companies by freeing them from the low level tasks of setting up basic hardware (servers) and software infrastructures and thus enabling them to focus on innovation and creating business value for their services. Cloud computing infrastructure allows enterprises to achieve more efficient use of their IT hardware and software investments: it increases profitability by improving resource utilization. Pooling resources into large clouds cuts costs and increases utilization by delivering resources only for as long as those resources are needed. Cloud Computing is particularly beneficial for small and medium businesses, where effective and affordable IT tools are critical for helping them become more productive without spending a great deal of money on in ­house Cloud computing can offer expediency, delivering instant IT network infrastructure to new users in any conceivable sector. Instead of using up considerable amounts of money and time establishing a brand new network, users can plug-in to an existing cloud system and be up and running without delay. Infrastructure services address the problem of properly equipping data centers by assuring computing power when needed. The time sharing style approach are low barriers to entry, shared infrastructure and costs, low management overhead, and immediate access to a broad range of applications. Users can generally terminate the contract at any time (thereby avoiding return on investment risk and uncertainty) and the services are often covered by service level agreements (SLAs) with financial penalties. Agility improves with users able to rapidly and inexpensively re-provision technological infrastructure resources. The cost of overall computing is unchanged, however, and the providers will merely absorb up-front costs and spread costs over a longer period. Reliability improves through the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes cloud computing suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery. Nonetheless, many major cloud computing services have suffered outages, and IT and business managers can at times do little when they are affected Cloud computing offers extra level of security due to centralization of data, increased security-focused resources, etc., but concerns can persist about loss of control over certain sensitive data, and the lack of security for stored kernels. Security is often as good as or better than under traditional systems, in part because providers are able to devote resources to solving security issues that many customers cannot afford. Cloud computing also offers additional security benefits. A single central mainframe only needs a centralised firewall and malware guard software application. 5. Cloud Computing Drawback A side effect of this approach is that overall computer usage rises dramatically, as customers do not have to engineer for peak load limits. Additionally, increased high-speed bandwidth makes it possible to receive the same response times from centralized infrastructure at other sites. Transparency; Entrusting mission critical applications and data to a third party means the customer has to know exactly how cloud providers handle key security and architectural issues. How transparent providers will be about those details remains an open question. Problems currently impeding the growth of utility / cloud / grid computing include: As an emerging technology, it takes time for service providers to get over the learning curve. Service providers have been geared up for dedicated hosting for the last decade. Their infrastructure, sales channels, support systems, etc. are all built to focus on legacy systems. [7] The overriding drawback was the lack of individuality for each user and the slower processing time created by having to house every application needed by the complete user group on one mainframe and then to transfer data back and forth. 6. Conclusion Cloud Computing can be seen as a subset of grid computing as they share the same technologies and maintain the key concepts of the new distributed computing paradigm. Cloud computing can offer expediency, delivering instant IT network infrastructure to new users in any conceivable sector. Instead of using up considerable amounts of money and time establishing a brand new network, users can plug-in to an existing cloud system and be up and running without delay. Cloud computing offers tremendous opportunities for SMBs and is likely to radically change the way they use the Internet in the coming years. By developing an overall adoption strategy, or simply just recognising the importance of the wider factors mentioned above, SMBs can reduce the potential risks and ensure they get the maximum possible benefit from their journey into the cloud. Cloud computing will also have the potential to break geographical barriers to bring computing power to communities that previously did not have viable access. For example, through satellite broadband connections, remote third world locations can already gain access to first world mainframes. All they need is to be equipped with low cost basic laptop hardware. In future more and more people will want to work from home in the coming years as commuting costs rise and companies will be happy to oblige to save on office rental. Cloud computing can solve the IT problems associated with home office setup, while also meeting the budget and security requirements of business.